Protecting of light metals



' Sept. 15, 1935. M P 7 2,054,388

FORMATION OF KNOTS, PARTICULARLY WEAVERS KNOTS Fil'ed Dec; 17, 1935 3Shets-Sheet 2 H610. r75, a.

Jnvenlo/ni Sept. 15, 1936.

FORMATION OF KNOTS, PARTICULARLY WEAVERS KNOTS M. POEGE 2,054,388

Filed Dec. 17, 1935 5 Sheets-Sheet 3:

Patented Sept. 15, 1936 UNlTED STATES FORMATION OF KNOTS, PARTICULARLYWEAVERS KNOTS Max Poege, Uster, near Zurich, Switzerland ApplicationDecember 17, 1935, Serial No. 54,914 In Germany August 26, 1933 16Claims.

In this textile industry various processes and appliances have beensuggested for the production of knots, more particularly weavers knots,which tie the knot in a more or less complicated manner. There areappliances which twine the thread ends round one another several timesin tying the knot by rotating a so-called binding bill or beak, so thatthe main threads, after the knotting operation, are still twisted roundsevlO eral times.

A further very serious disadvantage of all the known knotting processesand appliances consists in the fact that knot-forming parts of theapparatus execute advancing and receding movements during the formationof the knot. This however adversely affects the simplicity, reliabilityand quickness of the knotting operation.

Finally, with many appliances it is not possible to knot threads ofdifferent thicknesses and difierent degrees of elasticity with oneanother.

All these defects are eliminated by the present invention, in thataccording to the new process the thread ends to be knotted to oneanother are twined round two intersecting bar-shaped membars, preferablya vertical withdrawable mandrel and a horizontal holding member, in sucha way that firstly both the thread ends are laid beside the mandrel uponthe holding member, then one end is placed round the mandrel and theother end round the holding member and mandrel to form a loop, afterwhich both ends are carried through between the primary threads, whichare held fast, whereupon the end that is put round the holding member(or both ends) is (or are) firmly gripped by the latter, while the loopput round the holding member, after withdrawal of the mandrel, is pulledoff the holding member and stripped over the thread end that is heldfast.

In order to carry out this process an appliance 40 is used according tothe invention, which consists essentially of a withdrawable mandrel, acutting and holding appliance formed of two cutting jaws and a grippingjaw, a thread placer or introducing means movable in an arcuate path,

45 and a helical thread guide. These parts of the appliance are knownindividually or in other combinations in this or a similar form. What isessential in the new appliance is the particular manner in which themembers are arranged rela- 50 tively to one another and the particularmanner in which they co-operate with one another. With this appliance itis possible in a simple manner toplace the thread ends in the appliancesimultaneously and parallel to one another with 55 one hand. All theknot-forming members move in one direction only during the knotting, sothat the knot can be very quickly and reliably made. After the knottingthe tied threads can be taken out of the appliance in an untangledcondition.

The method of tying the knots and the appli- 5 ance for carrying outthis method are illustrated by way of example in the accompanyingdrawings, in which Figures 1 to 5 show the knotting operation accordingto the new method at various stages of 10 the work;

Figure 6 shows a finished weavers knot made by this method;

Figure '7 shows a modification of the weavers knot; 5

Figure 8 shows in front elevation an appliance for carrying out themethod according to the invention, this appliance being shown"approximately in its natural size;

Fig. 9 shows a plan of the appliance; and 20 Figure 10 shows theappliance in side elevation looking in the direction of the arrow A inFigure 9;

Figure 11 is a back view of the appliance, partly in section, with theupper portion of the cas- 25 ing removed;

Figure 12 shows the appliance in section through the casing on the lineXII-2H1 in Figure 9; I

Figure 13 is a side view of the appliance, look- 30 ing in the directionof the arrow B in Fig. 9, with the casing removed;

Figures 14 and 15 show details of the appliance on a larger scale;

Figure 16 shows a section through certain details on the line X[I-XII inFigure 9; and

Figure 17 shows a portion of the appliance i1- lustrated in Figure 13 ona greatly enlarged scale.

In Figures 1 to 5 are represented the most important stages in themethod of knotting according to the invention. The principal means forcarrying out this method are: A binding mandrel I, a holding and cuttingappliance arranged substantially perpendicularly to the latter, andconsisting of three jaws 2, 3, and 4, a separating member 5, and threadcarriers or drivers, not shown, revolving round these mem-, bers. InFigures 1 to 5 the two threads (primary threads) to be knotted togetherare denoted by a and b, and the ends thereof a and b.

According to the method of this invention the thread ends a and b areplaced round the binding mandrel I and the cutting and holding appliance2, 3, 4, as shown in Figure 1, by means of thr ad. carriers revolvinground these members.

the clip I5, and places it underneath the holding and cutting applianceround the latter, and also round the binding mandrel, as shown inFigures 1 to 4. At the commencement of this movement the lever II is atthe same time rocked, with the clip 33, 34, 35, 35, 31, into theposition shown in dotted lines in Figure 11. During this movement itpulls the thread end a out of the clip I6 and brings it away over theholding and cutting appliance 2, 3, 4 to the other side of the threadguide within reach of the carrier 9, and in front of the movable jaw 29of the thread guide 6, as shown in Figure 14. During the furtherrotation of the same the thread end a is seized by the clip 21, 29 andpulled out of the clip Ill, and both the thread ends are now carriedalong by the thread guide 8. They are guided through between the threadsa and b (Figure 3 and Figure 8) and finally separated, as shown inFigure 3, by the separating member 5, which here has a shape somewhatdifferent from that shown in Figures 1 to 5, and then, when the bindingmandrel is retracted in the direction C (Figure 1'7), are out off by thescissors 3, 4, one thread end b being gripped between the jaw 2 and theback I9 of the shearing blade 3.

In the first revolution of the thread guide 8 the thread a is presseddownwards gradually by the under side 45 of the helical thread guide, sothat a pull occurs therein, which draws in the loop 46 formed by itafter the retraction of the mandrel (Figs. 3 and 4) and with it alsopulls the thread b somewhat downwards (Fig. 8), so that the latter,after a complete revolution of the thread guide, comes underneath thehorn 24 and on the abutment 25. Since the thread b at this moment isfirmly gripped both in the holding clip l3 and between the jaws 2 and 3of the holding appliance, there is produced in the thread by the furthermovement of the abutment a tension which pulls the loop off the holdingappliance and draws the knot that has been formed tight, as shown inFigure 5.

After the return of the moving parts into their initial position bymeans of a pull-back spring hereinafter described. the threads a and bknotted together by a weavers knot can be drawn out of the clips I3 andI4 without any entangling.

The driving of the apparatus as a whole is effected by a thumb lever 44,which is rockable about a pivot 41, and which, through the medium of alink 48, a flexible band 43, and a disc 56, sets in rotation a shaft 5|(Fig. 12) from which the driving of all the moving parts proceeds. Theshaft 5| carries a bevel wheel 52, which, through a bevel wheel 53, setsin rotation a hollow shaft 54, the upper end of which carries with abracket 56 the thread guide 8. In the hollow shaft 54 is slidablysupported a pull rod 51, which, with a pin 58, can move a toothedsegment 60, which is rockable about the position 59. The toothed segmentmeshes with a pinion 6|, which is mounted upon the shaft 38, and therebydrives the curved lever I I, as shown in Figure 11.

According to Figure 16 or 13, the pull rod 51 is hollow, and is providedwith a pull-back appliance 62, which carries the binding mandrel I. Thispull back appliance, and also the pull rod 51, are controlled by a pin63, which is mounted on the bevel wheel 52, and which can slide inguides 64 and in two controlling members 66 and 67. The latter arerockably supported at 68 and 68 and are connected by links 10 and 'IIwith the pull rod 51, and also with the pull-back appliance 62. To thecontrol member 61 is furthermore pivoted a pull rod 12, which actuatesthe shearing member 3. A spiral spring 13, connected at one end with thebevel wheel 52 and at the other end with a bearing member, is stressedwhen the thumb lever 44 is depressed, and serves for returning all theremovable parts into their initial positions.

For. the purpose of removing the cut-off thread ends there is providedat the lower end of the curved lever II a hook I4 (Figures 11 and 13),by which the thread ends are seized during its return movement andconveyed downwards on to a member which is connected with the shaft 54and revolves with the thread guide 8,'for instance a cone T5 of sheetmaterial which covers the gear members. This cone brings the thread endsto the outside with a vane 16 through an aperture ll, shown in Figure12, in the casing.

The thread clips, shown in Figures 14 and 15,

are according to the invention so constructed that the springs actingupon the gripping jaws have their points of application outside theabutments 3| and 35. This has the advantage that the threads enteringthe clips are reliably held therein. In Figure 15 is shown in dottedlines the position of the movable gripping jaw 34 when the thread a isput in. Since the spring pressure acts outside the stop 36,- that is, infront of the latter, thev thread cannot slip out of the clip so easilyas is frequently the case with the known clips.

The fixed backbone or framework of the apparatus is formed by a bearerI8, on which, or on extensions of which, the movable parts are mounted.To it is also fitted a shackle l9 for securing the handle 39. The gearmembers are covered by an under portion 86 of the casing, and also by anupper casing member 8|, carrying the parts I2 to IT and 40 and 4|.

What I claim is:--

1. An appliance for tying knots, more particularly weavers knots,consisting of a withdrawable mandrel (I), and cutting and holdingappliance (2, 3, and 4) arranged substantially perpendicularly to themandrel, forming with the mandrel two intersecting supporting membersfor the thread ends to be tied together, a thread guide rotatable aboutthe mandrel, bearing two thread carriers (9), and being adapted to guideround the mandrel the ends of the threads to be knotted, athread-introducing means, movable in an are over the gripping andcutting appliance and adapted to place one thread end in front of onethread-carrier of the thread guide, and means for driving the appliance.

2. An appliance for tying knots, more particularly weavers knots,consisting of a withdrawable mandrel (I), and a cutting and holdingappliance (2, 3, and 4) arranged substantially perpendicularly to themandrel, forming with the mandrel two intersecting supporting membersfor the thread ends to be tied together, a thread guide of helicalshape, rotatable about the mandrel, bearing two thread carriers (9), andbeing adapted to guide round the mandrel the ends of the threads to beknotted, a thread-introducing means, movable in an arc over the grippingand cutting appliance and adapted to place one thread end in front ofone thread carrier of the thread guide, and means for driving theappliance.

3. An appliance for tying knots, more particularly weavers knots,consisting of a withdrawable mandrel (I), and a cutting and holdingappli ance (2, 3, and 4) arranged substantially perpendicularly to themandrel, forming with the mandrel two intersecting supporting membersfor the thread ends to be tied together, a thread guide rotatable aboutthe mandrel, bearing two thread carriers (9) andbeing adapted to guideround the mandrel the ends of the threads to be knotted, a threadintroducing means, arranged inside the thread guide and formed of acurved lever (I I) with a yielding clip (I0) at the free end, and meansfor driving the appliance.

4. An appliance for tying a simple weavers knot, consisting of awithdrawable mandrel (I), and a cutting and holding appliance (2, 3, and4) arranged substantially perpendicularly to the mandrel, forming withthe mandrel two interseating supporting'members for the thread ends tobe tied together, a thread guide rotatable about the mandrel, bearingtwo thread carriers (9) and being adapted to guide round the mandrel theends of the threads to be knotted, a thread introducing means, movablein an arc over the gripping and cutting appliance, a separating member(5, 6), extending partly in the plane of the cutting and holdingappliance and partly par-- allel to the mandrel, and adapted to preventone thread end (a) from entering the cutting and holding appliance, andmeans for driving the appliance.

5. An appliance for tying a simple weavers knot, consistingof awithdrawable mandrel (I), and a cutting and holding appliance (2, 3, and4)- arranged substantially perpendicularly to the mandrel, composed oftwo cutting-jaws (3, 4) and a gripping jaw (2), the latter being shorterthan the cutting jaw, a thread guide rotatable about 6. An appliance fortying knots, more particularly weavers" knots, consisting of awithdrawable mandrel (I), and a cutting and holding appliance (2, 3, and4) arranged substantially perpendicularly to the mandrel, forming withthemandrel two intersecting supporting members for the thread endsto betied together, a threadguide rotatable about the mandrel, carrying adouble clip as a thread carrier (9), with four superposed gripping jaws(26, 28 and 29, 21), and being adapted to guide round the mandrel theends of the threads to be knotted, a thread-introducing means, movablein'an arc over the gripping and cutting appliance and adapted to placeone thread end in front of one thread carrier of the thread guide, andmeans for driving the appliance.

7. An appliance for tying knots as claimed in claim 6, with a doubleclip, in which a spring member (32) is so arranged that the latterpresses outside the thread stop (3|) upon the movable gripping jaws (28,29) a 8. An appliance for tying knots as claimed in claim 3, with ayielding clip (I0) on the curved lever (II), in which a spring (35) isso arranged that it presses outside the thread stop (35) upon onemovable gripping jaw (34).

9. An appliance for tying knots, more particularly weavers knots,consisting of a withdrawable mandrel (I), and a cutting and holdingappliance (2, 3, and 4) arranged'substantially perpendicularly to themandrel, forming with the mandrel two intersecting supporting membersfor the thread ends to be tied together, a thread guide of helicalshape, rotatable about the mandrel, having a horn (24) at the upper end,with a stop (25) on its under side, the latter being adapted to tensionone thread (b) and thereby pulling the formed knot ofi the cutting andholding appliance and pulling the knot together, a thread introducing.means (II), II) movable in an arc, and means for driving the appliance.

10. An appliance for tying knots, more particularly weavers knots,consisting of a withdrawable mandrel (I), and a cutting and holdingappliance (2, 3, and 4) arranged substantially perpendicularly to themandrel, a thread guide rotatable about the mandrel, bearing two threadcarriers (9), and being adapted to guide round the mandrel the ends ofthe threads to be knotted, a thread introducing means, movable in an arcover the gripping and cutting appliance, a separating member (4|) and aseparating arm (I2), arranged substantially in a plane parallel to themandrel (I), and adapted to separate the two threads upon introductioninto the appliance,

and means for driving the appliance.

11. An appliance for tying knots as claimed in claim 10, in which, atone end of the separating arm, a cutting-off appliance is provided,consisting of two interengaging circular knives.

12. An appliance for'tying knots, more particularly weavers knots,consisting of a Withdrawable mandrel (I), a fixedly arranged holding arm(22.) adapted to support the tip of the mandrel, a cutting and holdingappliance (2, 3, and 4) arranged perpendicularly to the mandrel, a.thread guide rotatable about the mandrel, bearing two thread carriers(9), and being adapted to guide round the mandrel the ends of thethreads to be knotted, a thread introducing means, movable in an areover theigrip'ping and cutting appliance, and adapted to place onethread end in front of one thread carrier of the thread guide, and meansfor driving the appliance.

13. An appliance for tying knots, more particularly weavers knots,consisting of a withdrawable mandrel (I), and a cutting and holdingappliance. (2, 3, and 4) arranged substantially perpendicularly to themandrel, forming with the mandrel two intersecting supporting membersfor the thread ends to be tied together, a thread guide rotatable aboutthe mandrel, bearing twothread carriers (9),'and being adapted to guideround the mandrel the ends of the threads to be. knotted, a threadintroducing means, movable in an arc over the gripping and cuttingappliance, a carrier (18) for'supporting the said members, a handle (39)secured to the said carrier, and a driving lever (44) adapted to beactuated by the thumb of the hand.

14. An appliance for tying knots as claimed in claim 13, in which avertical driving shaft (54, 55), carrying the thread guide (8) isprovided, in which are arranged a longitudinally displaceable hollowpull rod (51) for moving the thread introducing means (I0, I I), and inthe latter a pull rod (62) carrying the mandrel (I), means also beingprovided which transmit the move ment of the driving lever (44) to thedriving shaft and the two pull rods.

15. An appliance for tying knots, more particularly weavers knots,consisting of a withdrawable mandrel (I) and a cutting andholding'appliance (2, 3, and 4) arranged substantially perpendicularlyto the mandrel, a thread guide rotatable'about the mandrel, bearing twothread carriers (9), a curved thread-placer (I I), with a clip (I 0) atthe upper end, rockably arranged inside the thread guide, and having atthe lower end a hook (14), adapted when the thread placer rocks backinto its initial position to seize the cut-off thread ends and conveythem downwards, a revolving member underneath the thread placer, adaptedto seize the thread ends conveyed by the latter and eject them, andmeans for driving the appliance.

16. An appliance for tying knots as claimed in claim 15, in which therevolving member consists of a sheet metal cone (15) revolving with thethread guide (8), and is at the same time adapted to cover drivingmembers of the appliance.

MAX POEGE.

Patented Sept. 15, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE F PROTECTING OFLIGHT METALS No Drawing. Application September 26, 1934, Serial No.745,646. In Germany October 3,

'2 Claims. (01. 91-68) The present invention relates to light metalscoated with a layer of chlorinated rubber.

It is known that light metals sufier from the disadvantage of beingeasily attacked by mechanical influences and of being corroded bychemically active substances and even by moist air. Considering the factthat light metals are employed in airships, aeroplanes, automobile carsa. s. 0. on a large scale, it is of great importance to do away withthis disadvantage in order to avoid accidents.

It is the object of our present invention to overcome these diflicultiesby protecting the surface of the light metals by the application of alayer of chlorinated rubber, this substance being very resistant towardsmechanical and chemical affects. However, it has been found that a layerof chlorinated caoutchouc does not adhere sufliciently well to the lightmetals for securing protection of the latter which meets every practicaldemand. The problem of securing adhesion of the chlorinated rubber tothe light metals has now been solved by the application of anintermediate layer consisting of or containing a water-insoluble productof the polymerization of such carboxylic acid derivatives as contain thegrouping CH2=C=. The objects of our present invention are, therefore.light metals being coated with a layer of chlorinated rubber and havinginterposed therebetweena layer of polymerization products of thecharacter described. Still another feature of our invention is theprovision of pigments in the prim-- ing coating, it being the preferredform of our invention to'employ pigments of a basic nature such as zincwhite, red lead and the like, as the latter give the best results withregard to a firm adhesion of the chlorinated rubber to the primingcoating and, through the cooperation of the priming coating, to thelight metals. As polymerization products of the character described,there may be mentioned, for instance, polyvinylesters such aspolyvinylacetate, polyvinylchloroacetate, polyvinylpropionate,polyvinylester of benzoic acid, furthermore polymeric acrylic acidesters such as methyl or ethyl ester, polymeric acrylic acid nitril, andfinally the products of the conjoint polymerization of vinyland acrylicacid derivatives of the character described, such as mixedpolymerization products of vinyl acetate and an ethylester of acrylicacid. We wish to point out that these polymerization products canfurthermore be employed in mixture with each other and/or in combinationwith other filmforming compounds such as nitrocellulose, celluloseethers, softening agents or resins, it being understood that chlorinatedrubber may likewise be present in the priming coating. The primer isapplied to the light metals, for instance, in the form of lacquers whichcontain volatile solvents, whereupon, after drying, the chlorinated-ruercontaining protective coating is applied. We wish it to be understoodthat the protective layer of chlorinated rubber may likewise containaddition products such as softening agents regardless as to whether theyare saponifled by the influence of acid or alkaline reacting substancesor not; as examples for the latter, there may be mentioned, forinstance, chlorinated diphenyl, alkylated or aralkylated naphthalenes orthe oily sulfur containing reaction product of toluene or xylene withsulfur in the presence of aluminium chloride. As examples forsaponiflable softening agents, we mention tricresylphosphate,dibutylphthalate and the like.

Our present invention is not restricted to the protecting of a singlelight metal, but can be applied to any light metal such as aluminium ormagnesium or alloys of the same. As to the chlorinated rubber, everyproduct may-be employed, provided that it is soluble in organicsolvents.

The following examples illustrate the invention, the parts being byweight:-

Example 1 An aluminium sheet is furnished with a priming coating byapplying thereto by brushing, spraying etc. a lacquer of the followingcomposition:

In the above given example, the lacquer em ployed for the application ofthe priming coating may, furthermore, contain 1 to 2 parts of phthalicacid butylester or tricresylphosphate whereas the Parts Polymerizedvinylacetate 15 Zinc white 10 Ethylacetate 35 Toluene 20 Xylene 20 Afterdrying, there is applied the protective coating by means of a lacquer ofthe following composition:

Parts Chlorinated caoutchouc of a chlorine content of about 64% 20Toluene 20 Xylene 40 Tricresylphosphate 6-8 Buty-lstearate 4 Aluminiumbronze 10

